Pamene nkhokwe ikufunika kuyeretsedwa, oyang'anira zomera amakhala ndi zosankha. Kusankhidwa kwa njira kumatsimikizira nthawi yomwe yazimitsidwa, mtengo wakuchitapo kanthu, chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito, ndi momwe silo imakhalira pambuyo pake.
Kusankha njira yoyenera kumafuna kumvetsetsa zomwe njira iliyonse ingathe kuchita ndi zomwe sizingatheke. Nkhaniyi ikupereka kufananitsa kothandiza kwa matekinoloje otsuka ma silo omwe alipo. Limafotokoza mmene njira iliyonse imagwirira ntchito, nthawi imene ili yoyenera, mtengo wake, ndiponso kuopsa kwake. Cholinga ndikupatsa oyang'anira mafakitale ndi chidziwitso chomwe akufunikira kuti apange zisankho zabwino.
Kulowetsa pamanja ndi Zida Zamanja
Kulowetsa pamanja ndi zida zamanja ndiye njira yakale kwambiri komanso yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa nkhokwe. Ogwira ntchito amalowa m'nkhokwe ndi mafosholo, scrapers, ndi zoboola mpweya. Amachotsa zinthu ndi dzanja, kuziphwanya ndikuzisunthira kumalo otulukira.
Njirayi imagwira ntchito pazinthu zilizonse zomwe zimatha kusweka ndi kusuntha. Zimatha kusintha chifukwa ogwira ntchito amatha kuchitapo kanthu pazochitika zilizonse zomwe apeza. Simafunika zida zapadera kuposa zida zofunika.
Zoyipa zake ndizambiri. Kulowa pamanja kumapangitsa ogwira ntchito kukhala pachiwopsezo cha kumezedwa, kugwa, ndi zoopsa zakumlengalenga. Ntchitoyi ndi yovuta ndipo imachedwa. Silo yapakatikati imatha kutenga masiku kapena milungu kuti iyeretse pamanja. Mtengo wake ndi wokwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, kukonzekera chitetezo, komanso nthawi yocheperako.
Kulowetsa pamanja ndikoyenera ngati palibe njira ina yomwe ingatheke chifukwa cha geometry ya silo kapena zinthu zakuthupi. Ndikoyeneranso kuzinthu zing'onozing'ono zomwe kusonkhanitsa zipangizo zina kungakhale kopanda ndalama.
Pazinthu zambiri, kulowa pamanja kuyenera kukhala njira yomaliza, yosungidwa nthawi zina pomwe njira zina zalephera kapena sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kulowa Pamanja Ndi Zida Zoyendetsedwa ndi Mphamvu
Njirayi ndi yofanana ndi yolowera pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamanja, koma ogwira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi monga zodulira magetsi, nyundo za pneumatic chipping, kapena mikondo yothamanga kwambiri.
Ubwino pazida zamanja ndi liwiro komanso mogwira mtima. Zida zamagetsi zimatha kuthyola zinthu zolimba ndikuzichotsa mwachangu. Ntchito yomweyi yomwe imatenga masiku ndi zida zamanja ingatenge maola ndi zida zamagetsi.
Zowopsa ndizofanana ndi kulowa pamanja ndi zida zamanja. Ogwira ntchito akadali m'silo. Zida zamagetsi zimawonjezera zoopsa kuchokera ku phokoso, kugwedezeka, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida.
Kulowa pamanja ndi zida zoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi ndikoyenera ngati zinthuzo ndizovuta kwambiri pazida zamanja koma sizili zolimba kuti zitsimikizire zida zogwirira ntchito kutali. Ndizoyeneranso ma silo omwe zida zakutali sizitha kupeza.
Zida Zogwetsera Akutali
Zida zoononga zogwiritsidwa ntchito patali ndiye patsogolo kwambiri paukadaulo woyeretsa silo m'zaka zaposachedwa. Makina kuyambira zofukula zazing'ono mpaka maloboti apadera ogwetsa amalowa m'silo popanda ogwira ntchito. Othandizira amawawongolera kuchokera kunja kwa silo pogwiritsa ntchito mayankho a kanema.
Zipangizozi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulic breaker kuti athyole zinthu zolimba. Makina ena amakhalanso ndi mitu yopera popera kapena zidebe zosunthira zinthu zotayirira. Wogwiritsa ntchito amawona malo ogwirira ntchito kudzera pamakamera pamakina.
Ubwino wa zida zogwiritsira ntchito kutali ndi chitetezo. Ogwira ntchito sali mu silo. Zipangizozi zimagwira ntchito mwamphamvu ndipo zimatha kuswa zinthu zomwe sizingatheke kuzichotsa pamanja. Ntchitoyi ndi yofulumira kuposa njira zamanja.
Zoyipa zake ndi monga mtengo wa zida, kufunikira kwa ogwira ntchito ophunzitsidwa bwino, komanso nthawi yotsogolera yomwe ikufunika kusonkhanitsa zida. Zida zakutali sizingathe kupeza ma silo onse. Kufikira kuyenera kudutsa pamwamba kapena kudutsa madoko akulu omwe amatha kukhala ndi makinawo.
Zida zogwirira ntchito zakutali ndizoyenera ma silo akuluakulu okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zolimba. Ndizoyeneranso zida zowopsa zomwe kulowa kwa ogwira ntchito kungakhale kowopsa. Kwa malo okhala ndi zotchinga zolimba pafupipafupi, kukhala ndi zida zakutali kungakhale kopanda ndalama.
High Pressure Water Jetting
Kuthamanga kwamadzi othamanga kwambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito madzi mokakamiza mpaka mipiringidzo zikwi zingapo kuti adutse zinthu zolimba. Jet yamadzi imawongoleredwa kutsekeka kuchokera kunja kwa silo kapena kuchokera pamwamba. Kupanikizika kumaphwanya zinthuzo kukhala tizidutswa tating'ono tomwe timatha kuchotsedwa.
Ubwino wa jetting madzi ndi mphamvu yake pa zinthu zolimba. Madzi amatha kudula mu simenti, ma depositi a mankhwala, ndi zinthu zina zomwe sizingadutse mawotchi. Njirayi simapanga fumbi, zomwe zimapindulitsa paukhondo ndi chitetezo. Palibe magawo ovala omwe amalumikizana ndi zinthuzo, kuchepetsa zofunika kukonza.
Zoyipa zake ndizambiri. Madzi amawonjezera chinyezi m'nkhokwe, zomwe zingayambitse vuto la zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi. Madziwo ayenera kuchotsedwa pamodzi ndi zinthuzo, kupanga slurry yomwe iyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Kuchuluka kwa madzi ofunikira pantchito zazikulu kungakhale kokulirapo.
Kuponyedwa kwamadzi ndi koyenera pazida zomwe sizimakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi komanso ma depositi omwe ndi ovuta kukana zowononga makina. Sikoyenera kupaka simenti, laimu, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimayikidwa zitanyowa. Komanso sikoyenera pamene kutaya madzi kuli kovuta kapena kokwera mtengo.
Kupanikizika kofunikira kumadalira kuuma kwa zinthu. Zida zofewa zimatha kuchotsedwa ndi kupanikizika kochepa. Zida zolimba zimafuna kuthamanga kwambiri. Mapangidwe a nozzle ndi magawo ogwiritsira ntchito ayenera kufananizidwa ndi ntchito yake.
Kuchotsa Vacuum ndi Pneumatic
Kuchotsa vacuum kumagwiritsa ntchito kuyamwa potulutsa zinthu kuchokera munkhokwe. Zinthuzo zimakokedwa ndi payipi kupita kumalo osonkhanitsira kunja kwa silo. Kuchotsa vacuum kumagwira ntchito yotayirira kapena yosweka pang'ono yomwe imatha kutengedwa ndi mtsinje woyamwa.
Ubwino wochotsa vacuum ndi ukhondo. Imachotsa zinthu bwinobwino ndikusiya nkhokwe ili bwino. Zinthuzo zimasonkhanitsidwa ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kapena kutayidwa moyenera. Palibe fumbi kapena zinyalala zomwe zasiyidwa.
Choyipa chake ndi chakuti kuchotsa vacuum kumangogwira ntchito pazinthu zomwe zasokonekera kale. Sizingathyole zosungira zolimba. Zinthuzo ziyenera kumasulidwa poyamba ndi njira zina. Kukula kwa payipi kumachepetsa kukula kwa tinthu komwe kumatha kuchotsedwa.
Kuchotsa vacuum ndikoyenera ngati njira yotsatirira njira zina zitathyola zinthuzo. Ndizoyeneranso zinthu zotayirira zomwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa popanda kupanga fumbi kapena zinyalala.
Ma Air Cannons ndi Flow Aids
Mphepo zam'mlengalenga ndi zida zomwe zimatulutsa kuphulika kwadzidzidzi kwa mpweya woponderezedwa mu silo. Kuphulikaku kumasokoneza zinthu ndipo kumatha kuthyola zipilala kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa khoma. Zothandizira kuyenda monga fluidizers zimabweretsa mpweya mosalekeza kuti usungunuke zinthu ndikulimbikitsa kuyenda.
Ubwino wa mizinga ya mpweya ndikuti amayikidwa kwamuyaya ndipo amatha kutsegulidwa ngati pakufunika. Amaletsa ma blockages kupanga ndipo amatha kuchotsa zotsekera zomwe zilipo popanda kulowa kwa ogwira ntchito.
Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizapo kuchitapo kanthu pang'ono pama depositi olimba. Mizinga ya mpweya imagwira ntchito bwino pa zinthu zotayirira kapena zophatikizika pang'ono. Zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pama depositi owumitsidwa. Kufunika kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kungakhale kokulirapo.
Mphepo zam'mlengalenga ndizoyenera ngati zida zodzitetezera kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa kutsekeka. Amakhalanso oyenera kuchotsa zotsekera muzinthu zomwe sizili zolimba.
Kuyimba ndi Kuyendera ngati Njira
Kumveketsa mawu ndi kuyendera si njira zoyeretsera, koma ndi zida zofunika posankha nthawi komanso momwe angayeretsere. Ndodo zolira zimayesa makulidwe a kuchulukana. Makamera oyendera amapereka chitsimikizo chowonekera.
Ubwino woyendera ndikuti umalola kuyeretsa kochokera kuzinthu. M'malo moyeretsa pa ndandanda yokhazikika, malowa amayeretsa pamene kudzikundikira kufika pachimake. Njirayi imachepetsa kuyeretsa kosafunikira ndikuletsa kulephera modzidzimutsa.
Mtengo woyendera ndi wochepa. Ndodo yolira imawononga ndalama zochepa. Makamera oyendera ndi otsika mtengo komanso akuwongolera. Nthawi yofunikira pakuwunika ndi yaifupi.
Kuyimba ndi kuyang'anira ndizoyenera malo aliwonse omwe akufuna kukonza zisankho zake zoyeretsera. Zomwe zimachokera pakuwunika zimapereka maziko oyeretsera zisankho pafupipafupi komanso kusankha njira.
Kufananiza Mtengo ndi Magwiridwe
Chidule chomwe chili m'munsichi chikufotokoza zofunikira za njira iliyonse.
Kulowa pamanja ndi zida zamanja kumakhala ndi mtengo wotsika wa zida, mtengo wapakatikati wogwirira ntchito, kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono, komanso chiwopsezo chachikulu. Zimagwira ntchito pazinthu zilizonse zomwe zingathe kusweka, koma zimatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri.
Kulowa pamanja ndi zida zoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi kumakhala ndi mtengo wocheperako wa zida, zotsika mtengo zogwirira ntchito, kuthamanga pang'ono, komanso chiwopsezo chachikulu. Zimagwira ntchito pazinthu zomwe zingathe kuthyoledwa ndi zida zamagetsi, komabe zimafuna kuti anthu alowemo.
Zida zogwetsera zakutali zili ndi mtengo wokwera wa zida, zotsika mtengo zogwirira ntchito, kuthamanga mwachangu, komanso chiwopsezo chochepa. Zimagwira ntchito pazinthu zolimba ndipo ndizoyenera ntchito zazikulu.
Kuthamanga kwamadzi othamanga kwambiri kumakhala ndi mtengo wokwera wa zida, mtengo wocheperako, kuthamanga kwachangu, komanso chiwopsezo chochepa. Zimagwira ntchito pazinthu zolimba koma sizoyenera kuzinthu zowonongeka ndi chinyezi.
Kuchotsa vacuum kumakhala ndi mtengo wocheperako wa zida, mtengo wogwirira ntchito, kuthamanga pang'ono, komanso chiwopsezo chochepa. Zimagwira ntchito pazinthu zotayirira ngati gawo lomaliza.
Ma air cannoni ali ndi mtengo wotsika, kupezeka kwaposachedwa, komanso chiopsezo chochepa. Zimagwira ntchito ngati zida zodzitetezera koma sizingathetse zotchinga zolimba.
Kuyimba ndi kuyang'anira kumakhala ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri ndipo ndi koyenera kwa zipangizo zonse.
Kusankha Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Mwanu
Kusankha kumayamba ndi kufotokozera vuto. Kodi zinthuzo ndi zomasuka kapena zowumitsidwa? Kodi voliyumuyo ndi yayikulu kapena yaying'ono? Kodi silo imapezeka kuchokera pamwamba kapena kuchokera kotulukira? Ndi zofunika ziti zachitetezo zomwe zikufunika?
Pazinthu zotayirira mu silo yofikirika, kuchotsa vacuum kapena nsonga zosavuta zingakhale zokwanira. Pazinthu zowumitsidwa mu silo yayikulu, zida zogwirira ntchito kutali kapena kuponyera madzi kungafunike. Kwa kutsekeka kwakung'ono, kulowa pamanja ndi zida zoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi kungakhale chisankho chotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kwa vuto ndikofunikira. Kwa nkhokwe yomwe imatchinga kamodzi pachaka, kubwereka zida kapena kubwereka kontrakitala kungakhale kotsika mtengo kuposa kukhala ndi zida. Kwa silo yomwe imatchinga mwezi uliwonse, kukhala ndi zida ndi oyendetsa maphunziro kungakhale njira yabwinoko.
Kupezeka kwa makontrakitala m'dera lanu ndikofunikira. Ngati makontrakitala apadera akupezeka pakanthawi kochepa, kudalira iwo kungakhale kotheka. Ngati makontrakitala ali ndi nthawi yayitali yotsogolera kapena palibe, kukhala ndi zida kungakhale kofunikira.
Mtengo wonse, osati mtengo wa njira yokha, uyenera kuganiziridwa. Njira yomwe imawononga ndalama zambiri koma yofulumira ikhoza kuchepetsa mtengo wonse mwa kuchepetsa nthawi yopuma. Njira yomwe imawononga ndalama zochepa koma imatenga nthawi yayitali ikhoza kuwononga ndalama zambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kupanga.
Kupanga Luso la Njira Zambiri
Malo ambiri amafunikira njira zingapo zoyeretsera. Ma silo osiyanasiyana, zida zosiyanasiyana, ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimafunikira njira zosiyanasiyana. Kupanga luso m'njira zingapo kumafuna kukonzekera ndi kuyika ndalama.
Chofunika kwambiri chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pazovuta zomwe zimachitika kwambiri. Ngati malowa ali ndi zotchinga zolimba pafupipafupi, zida zoyendera patali kapena zoponyera madzi ziyenera kukhala patsogolo. Ngati malowa ali ndi zotsekeka pafupipafupi, kuchotsa vacuum kapena mizinga ya mpweya kungakhale koyenera.
Maphunziro ndi kuchita ndizofunikira. Zida zomwe zimakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito sizipezeka pakafunika. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuphunzitsidwa ndikutsitsimutsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Zida ziyenera kusamalidwa komanso zokonzeka.
Pamalo ambiri, kusakanikirana kwamphamvu kumaphatikizapo kuyimba ndi kuyang'anira ma silo onse, mizinga ya mpweya kapena zothandizira zosungiramo zovuta, zida zogwirira ntchito zakutali zotchinga zazikulu kapena zolimba, ndi mwayi wofikira makontrakitala wa njira zomwe malowo alibe.
Mapeto
Kusankha njira yoyenera yoyeretsera nkhokwe kumafuna kumvetsetsa zomwe njira iliyonse ingathe kuchita ndi zomwe sizingatheke. Kulowetsa pamanja ndi zida zamanja kumagwira ntchito pazinthu zilizonse koma ndikodekha komanso kowopsa. Zida zamagetsi zimafulumizitsa ntchitoyo koma zimafunikirabe kulowa kwa anthu. Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito patali ndizotetezeka komanso zothandiza pazinthu zolimba. Kuthamanga kwamadzi kumadutsa m'malo olimba koma kumawonjezera chinyezi. Kuchotsa vacuum kumatsuka bwino koma kumangogwira ntchito pazinthu zotayirira.
Kusankha kumatengera zinthu, geometry ya silo, kuchuluka kwake, kuchuluka kwa vuto, ndi zinthu zomwe zilipo. Palibe njira imodzi yomwe imagwira ntchito zonse. Zida zomwe zimapanga luso m'njira zambiri zimakhala ndi zosinthika kuti zigwirizane ndi vuto lililonse.
Njira yopangira zisankho iyenera kukhala mwadongosolo. Fotokozani vuto. Onani momwe zinthu zilili. Unikani njira zomwe zilipo. Fananizani mtengo wonse kuphatikiza nthawi yopuma. Sankhani njira yomwe imapereka liwiro labwino kwambiri, mtengo wake, ndi chitetezo.
Kwa malo ambiri, ndalama zomvetsetsa ndikusankha njira yoyenera zimadzilipira mwachangu. Kupulumutsa kuchokera ku nthawi yocheperako komanso kutsika mtengo pazochitika zilizonse zoyeretsera ndizokulirapo. Ndipo kuwongolera kwachitetezo sikuwerengeka.
